Purpose: Library users need to have integrated access to Digital library content and services. Preparing these services needs syntactic and semantic interoperability infrastructure. Nowadays most Digital library applications syntactically have the ability to exchange with each other. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to propose semantic integration architecture for Digital libraries to enable them to prepare new semantic services for their users. Method: This study was carried out in the following steps: firstly research literature was collected and studied. Studying research literature helps the researcher to prepare a primary version of the checklist to collect data in this study. The next step aimed to survey the semantic interoperability ability of Digital library management systems. In this regard, 26 Iranian Digital library management systems were studied by the researcher-made checklist in the previous step. The studied Digital library management systems have syntactic interoperability functionalities. Then this study’, s semantic integration architecture was proposed according to the analysis and results of the study. Finally, the "demonstration" method was used to assess the proposed architecture. Findings: Findings showed that studied Digital library management systems focused on textual materials and paid very little attention to other library information resource formats. Moreover, in many cases, the studied Digital library systems did not fill the contents of semantically needed metadata fields. On average, they attempt to document metadata fields such as subject and keywords, by existing reference materials such as Library of Congress Subject Headings and subjective thesauruses that they needed. Conclusion: According to the findings, the architecture of the semantic integration model based on the results of this study was proposed with three data, inference machine, and application layers.

Digital architecture, as a proceeding architectural style, has caused fundamental evolutions in architectural design and building appearance via applying complex geometries and topologies. Computers and Digital tools have truly altered the design process and architectural conception facilitating production of new eye catching forms. Avant-garde architectural forms have emerged from these changes in architectural design geometry which have influenced visual, physical and morphological features of cities. In this article, the impact of Digital architecture and various architectural types (topological, isomorphic, motion kinematics, metamorphic architecture, parametric, genetic) on cityscapes of different periods (ancient, contemporary and future cities) is explored. Through these Digital tools, the cityscape of ancient cities, which are not available to us today, can be revitalized. Digitally designed urban spaces and forms can influence contemporary cityscapes and urban landscape due to their complex geometry and free forms, assisting cities to become museums of avant-garde architectural elements and attractive magnets for capital and tourism in globalizing world. These Digital tools will have a profound influence on future cities with their parametric design, morphological patterns, Digital faç ade fabrication systems and other methods. This paper is mostly focused on Digital production of forms and urban landscape by elite groups (designers, planners, Digital experts etc) and thus the effects of other economic, policy-making and more procedural aspects of urban design on the final product (city scape, urban morphology etc) are not applied here.

Introduction: Long-term clinical evaluation of dental implants and their surrounding structures is of utmost importance to acquire knowledge about reasons for implant success and failure.However, accurate and reproducible results are difficult to obtain. The aim of the present study was to examine bone height around endosseous implants on Digital conventional radiographs (DCR) and direct Digital subtraction images (DSI) prior to loading.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, bone height around 10 implants in 6 patients was assessed by 2 observers. Standardized Digital radiographs were obtained just a week and 3 months postoperatively and subtracted by means of EMAGO software. Then the observers evaluated bone height on DCRs and DSIs. MINITAB software and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis (a=0.05).Results: Comparative evaluation of bone height indicated significantly higher values on DCR than on DSI (p value=0.002). The observers also had statistically significant variability in this assessment (p value=0.00003).Conclusion: DSI demonstrated lower values of linear measurement of bone height around endosseous implants compared with DCR. Interobserver variability should be considered when comparing values from follow-up studies.

The failure to adapt existing architectural education models to the evolving cultural and technological landscape of the Digital age, coupled with the rapid advancements in computer programs within the architectural profession, has underscored the imperative of establishing a proficient framework for architecture education that aligns with the demands of the contemporary architectural landscape. In response to this exigency, architectural design concepts have emerged as instrumental tools in the instructional paradigm of Digital architecture, mirroring the crystallization of modernism during the Bauhaus period—an era marked by significant shifts in theoretical and design perspectives. The principal objective of the current investigation is to comprehend the educational framework of Digital architecture with the intent of bridging the existing gap between architectural education and professional practice. The methodology employed for data acquisition in this study encompasses comprehensive library research and an examination of pertinent documents. The convergence of architecture and Digital education has introduced a novel trajectory for the advancement of pedagogical practices within the discipline of architecture. However, the integration of laboratory activities and technological components in practical training remains sluggish, necessitating responsiveness to societal demands, increased financial allocation to educational infrastructure, and the mobilization of teaching resources to facilitate widespread adoption and sustained advancement. The adoption of a research project-oriented approach to teaching has proven instrumental in achieving the objectives of motivating students to contemplate various facets of the nexus between technology and the environment.

This paper examines in detail the little-known Friday Mosque (masjid-i jāmi‘) of Firdaus, located southwest of the Khurasan, which has had a key role in developing Saljuq architecture in the area. The original scheme of the mosque was unclear. The lofty īwān and two flanking dome chambers on the west (qibla) side of the courtyard are the central core of the mosque. The main aim of the article is to analyse the architecture of the mosque and demonstrate its association with the architectural style of the Saljuq mosque in the Khurasan area.  During the conservation and restoration measures in 2006, some fresh materials were unearthed. The new findings shed light on the original features of the mosque and revealed its formation. The paper describes the city's history, defines its architectural characteristics, and then analyses the present information for replying to the research questions. Owing to the outcomes of the archaeological investigation, the study suggests the general scheme of the mosque as a further example of the two- īwān mosque, which may be dated to the late years of the 6th /12th century. Despite the importance of the mosque, no lengthy study has been published about the building. The accurate drawing of the plan and sections of this monument, with the proposal scheme for the reconstruction of the mosque, are being published in this paper for the first time.

Digital fabrication is not only a field based on technical knowledge, but it can also be examined from the perspective of epistemological foundations. Unlike the results of technical research, which provide solutions to solve problems of architectural construction, the epistemic foundations of this field by directing the discourse of Digital fabrication directly affect the architectural construction and its result. Thus, it is necessary to determine its position in relation to architecture. In response to the question "what is the position of Digital fabrication in relation to architectural construction?" this research, in a framework based on the critical analysis of Digital discourse by examining the underlying assumptions, will attempt to present images of the position of this discourse in relation to architecture at two levels of superstructure and infrastructure. The first part of this paper analyzes these texts in two ways, content and structure, by limiting the field of discourse superstructure to the books available to the readers. The results of the content analysis define a framework consisting of elements such as form, material, strategy, technique, and tools, which guides reader understanding of Digital fabrication. The results of the structural analysis show that reflecting the framework provided by the discourse at the level of these texts, it is possible to construct anything in this field, including architecture. This finding places Digital fabrication as an independent field, with its own framework, in a free relationship with architectural construction, which indicates the media role of discourse. The second part, at the infrastructural level, critically examines the Digital history in architecture, through the theories of Mario Carpo. This critical reading separates two key dates: first, the history of the Digital revolution in architecture, and second, the history of the formation of the Digital discourse in architecture, which shows the moment of the formation of the Digital discourse in relation to the postmodern theories of architecture such as formalism and deconstruction. Such a result suggests that Digital fabrication is dependent on architectural construction and following its theories, which indicates the instrumental role of this discourse in architecture. Finally, the comparative analysis of these results will determine that Digital fabrication has a relationship with architectural construction in two places. First, Digital fabrication is a field with an independent subject in which anything can be constructed, including architecture, and it determines what architectural construction is and how its issues should be. Second, this field is not an independent subject of architecture, but a field that derived from architectural theories, which solves the problems related to the construction of architecture. The separation of these two positions through the distinction between media and tool foundations in architecture defines a field for construction research whose problems are derived from architectural theories and the answer to them develops Digital fabrication with architecture. On the contrary, the confusion of the two leads to a field whose problems are determined by Digital fabrication, and solving those problems develops Digital fabrication by taking architecture out of its theoretical framework. Between these two seemingly similar actions, there is a gap as big as an epistemological difference that needs to be taken into account.

Digital twin-enabled neural networks will develop innovative processes in feature selection and simulation. In addition, this methodology will have development in autonomous driving, natural language processing, healthcare, and many other fields. Recently sensors have been widely used for environment monitoring, and massive data has to be processed efficiently and effectively, which requires managed neural architectures for sustainable computing. The sustainable Digital twin-empowered architectures create new biological evolution simulation algorithms and intelligent system architectures for supervised and unsupervised learning. Some of today's fundamental artificial intelligence issues, including adaptive machine learning and neuromorphic cognitive models, can be overcome by this methodology. The goals of this special issue on Digital twin-enabled neural network architecture management for sustainable computing aim to pay attention to the researchers and industries towards recent advances in decision-making algorithms, neural network models and architectures for faster processing.

Background and purpose: The library website acts as a scientific gateway to communicate with researchers and students, and these websites can meet their information needs if they have the desired information architecture. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the website of Astan Quds Razavi Digital Library based on information architecture indicators. The research method is applied and descriptive, and the checklist was used to analyze the organization system, tagging system, navigation system, and search system of the website according to the three layers of the information architecture (content, user, and context). The results of the inspection lists showed that the Astan Quds Razavi Digital Library website scored 23 out of 37 points in the organization section, 44 out of 57 points in tagging, 55 out of 78 points in navigation, 26 out of 46 searches; To increase the level of user satisfaction and the efficiency of websites, it is necessary to fully implement the principles of information architecture in their design; By identifying the weak and strong points of the website, this research can be a suitable source for planning regarding the optimization of the website architecture. This research tries to express the weaknesses and strengths of this website and its effectiveness by providing a systematic evaluation of a case study for the Astan Quds Razavi Digital Library website. According to the findings of the research, the website is in good condition with 62%, 77%, and 70% points respectively in the components of organization, labeling, and navigation systems; The weaknesses of the organization plan were more than the type of organization structure. The lack of geographic, audience-oriented, and organizational chart-based plans and the lack of support for social classification are among the most important weaknesses of the website organization system. Not using sequential labels was one of the most important weaknesses of the labeling system; Failure to implement the local navigation system and site map is one of the weaknesses of the navigation system. With 56% points, the search system is in an average condition and cannot correct typos in the input query, remove stop words, find words with the same pronunciation as the input query, find words with the same string as the input query, and rank the search results. The identification of the results based on the relevance of the ranking is one of the weaknesses of the search system.